3,907 research outputs found
The Radio Spectrum of TVLM513-46546: Constraints on the Coronal Properties of a Late M Dwarf
We explore the radio emission from the M9 dwarf, TVLM513-46546, at multiple
radio frequencies, determining the flux spectrum of persistent radio emission,
as well as constraining the levels of circular polarization. Detections at both
3.6 and 6 cm provide spectral index measurement (where S) of . A detection at 20 cm suggests that the
spectral peak is between 1.4 and 5 GHz. The most stringent upper limits on
circular polarization are at 3.6 and 6 cm, with 15%. These
characteristics agree well with those of typical parameters for early to mid M
dwarfs, confirming that magnetic activity is present at levels comparable with
those extrapolated from earlier M dwarfs. We apply analytic models to
investigate the coronal properties under simple assumptions of dipole magnetic
field geometry and radially varying nonthermal electron density distributions.
Requiring the spectrum to be optically thin at frequencies higher than 5 GHz
and reproducing the observed 3.6 cm fluxes constrains the magnetic field at the
base to be less than about 500 G. There is no statistically significant
periodicity in the 3.6 cm light curve, but it is consistent with low-level
variability.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Emerging technologies with potential care and support applications for older people : review of gray literature
Background: The number of older people with unmet care and support needs is increasing substantially due to the challenges facing the formal and informal care systems. Emerging technological developments have the potential to address some of the care and support challenges of older people. However, limited work has been done to identify emerging technological developments with the potential to meet the care and support needs of the aging population.
Objective: This review aimed to gain an overview of emerging technologies with potential care and support applications for older people, particularly for those living at home.
Methods: A scoping gray literature review was carried out by using the databases of 13 key organizations, hand searching reference lists of included documents, using funding data, and consulting technology experts. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyze and summarize the findings of the literature review.
Results: A total of 39 documents were included in the final analysis. From the analysis, 8 emerging technologies were identified that could potentially be used to meet older people’s needs in various care and support domains. These emerging technologies were (1) assistive autonomous robots; (2) self-driving vehicles; (3) artificial intelligence–enabled health smart apps and wearables; (4) new drug release mechanisms; (5) portable diagnostics; (6) voice-activated devices; (7) virtual, augmented, and mixed reality; and (8) intelligent homes. These emerging technologies were at different levels of development, with some being trialed for care applications, whereas others being in the early phases of development. However, only a few documents mentioned including older people during the process of designing and developing these technologies.
Conclusions: This review has identified key emerging technologies with the potential to contribute to the support and care needs of older people. However, to increase the adoption of these technologies by older people, there is a need to involve them and other stakeholders, such as formal and informal carers, in the process of designing and developing these technologies
Emerging Technologies With Potential Care and Support Applications for Older People: Review of Gray Literature
BACKGROUND:The number of older people with unmet care and support needs is increasing substantially due to the challenges facing the formal and informal care systems. Emerging technological developments have the potential to address some of the care and support challenges of older people. However, limited work has been done to identify emerging technological developments with the potential to meet the care and support needs of the aging population. OBJECTIVE:This review aimed to gain an overview of emerging technologies with potential care and support applications for older people, particularly for those living at home. METHODS:A scoping gray literature review was carried out by using the databases of 13 key organizations, hand searching reference lists of included documents, using funding data, and consulting technology experts. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyze and summarize the findings of the literature review. RESULTS:A total of 39 documents were included in the final analysis. From the analysis, 8 emerging technologies were identified that could potentially be used to meet older people's needs in various care and support domains. These emerging technologies were (1) assistive autonomous robots; (2) self-driving vehicles; (3) artificial intelligence-enabled health smart apps and wearables; (4) new drug release mechanisms; (5) portable diagnostics; (6) voice-activated devices; (7) virtual, augmented, and mixed reality; and (8) intelligent homes. These emerging technologies were at different levels of development, with some being trialed for care applications, whereas others being in the early phases of development. However, only a few documents mentioned including older people during the process of designing and developing these technologies. CONCLUSIONS:This review has identified key emerging technologies with the potential to contribute to the support and care needs of older people. However, to increase the adoption of these technologies by older people, there is a need to involve them and other stakeholders, such as formal and informal carers, in the process of designing and developing these technologies
First Detection of a Strong Magnetic Field on a Bursty Brown Dwarf: Puzzle Solved
We report the first direct detection of a strong, 5 kG magnetic field on the
surface of an active brown dwarf. LSR J1835+3259 is an M8.5 dwarf exhibiting
transient radio and optical emission bursts modulated by fast rotation. We have
detected the surface magnetic field as circularly polarized signatures in the
819 nm sodium lines when an active emission region faced the Earth. Modeling
Stokes profiles of these lines reveals the effective temperature of 2800 K and
log gravity acceleration of 4.5. These parameters place LSR J1835+3259 on
evolutionary tracks as a young brown dwarf with the mass of 554 M and age of 224 Myr. Its magnetic field is at least 5.1 kG and covers
at least 11% of the visible hemisphere. The active region topology recovered
using line profile inversions comprises hot plasma loops with a vertical
stratification of optical and radio emission sources. These loops rotate with
the dwarf in and out of view causing periodic emission bursts. The magnetic
field is detected at the base of the loops. This is the first time that we can
quantitatively associate brown dwarf non-thermal bursts with a strong, 5 kG
surface magnetic field and solve the puzzle of their driving mechanism. This is
also the coolest known dwarf with such a strong surface magnetic field. The
young age of LSR J1835+3259 implies that it may still maintain a disk, which
may facilitate bursts via magnetospheric accretion, like in higher-mass T
Tau-type stars. Our results pave a path toward magnetic studies of brown dwarfs
and hot Jupiters.Comment: ApJ, in pres
Nucleosynthesis in Advective Accretion Disks Around Galactic and Extra-Galactic Black Holes
We compute the nucleosynthesis of materials inside advective disks around
black holes. We show that composition of incoming matter can change
significantly depending on the accretion rate and accretion disks. These works
are improvements on the earlier works in thick accretion disks of Chakrabarti,
Jin & Arnett (1987) in presence of advection in the flow.Comment: Latex pages including figures. Kluwer Style files included. Appearing
in `Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe', ed. Sandip K.
Chakrabarti, Kluwer Academic Publishers (DORDRECHT: Holland
Observation of Buried Phosphorus Dopants near Clean Si(100)-(2x1) with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
We have used scanning tunneling microscopy to identify individual phosphorus
dopant atoms near the clean silicon (100)-(2x1) reconstructed surface. The
charge-induced band bending signature associated with the dopants shows up as
an enhancement in both filled and empty states and is consistent with the
appearance of n-type dopants on compound semiconductor surfaces and passivated
Si(100)-(2x1). We observe dopants at different depths and see a strong
dependence of the signature on the magnitude of the sample voltage. Our results
suggest that, on this clean surface, the antibonding surface state band acts as
an extension of the bulk conduction band into the gap. The positively charged
dimer vacancies that have been observed previously appear as depressions in the
filled states, as opposed to enhancements, because they disrupt these surface
bands.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. TeX for OSX from Wierde
What's the point of knowing how?
Why is it useful to talk and think about knowledge-how? Using Edward Craig’s discussion of the function of the concepts of knowledge and knowledge-how as a jumping off point, this paper argues that considering this question can offer us new angles on the debate about knowledge-how. We consider two candidate functions for the concept of knowledge-how: pooling capacities, and mutual reliance. Craig makes the case for pooling capacities, which connects knowledge-how to our need to pool practical capacities. I argue that the evidence is much more equivocal. My suggested diagnosis is that the concept of knowledge-how plays both functions, meaning that the concept of knowledge-how is inconsistent, and that the debate about knowledge-how is at least partly a metalinguistic negotiation. In closing, I suggest a way to revise the philosophical concept of knowledge how
White Light Flare Continuum Observations with ULTRACAM
We present sub-second, continuous-coverage photometry of three flares on the
dM3.5e star, EQ Peg A, using custom continuum filters with WHT/ULTRACAM. These
data provide a new view of flare continuum emission, with each flare exhibiting
a very distinct light curve morphology. The spectral shape of flare emission
for the two large-amplitude flares is compared with synthetic ULTRACAM
measurements taken from the spectra during the large 'megaflare' event on a
similar type flare star. The white light shape during the impulsive phase of
the EQ Peg flares is consistent with the range of colors derived from the
megaflare continuum, which is known to contain a Hydrogen recombination
component and compact, blackbody-like components. Tentative evidence in the
ULTRACAM photometry is found for an anti-correlation between the emission of
these components.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of the 16th Workshop on Cool Stars,
Stellar Systems, and the Sun (PASP conference series, in press
Ectomycorrhizas in association with Pinus patula in Sabie, South Africa
Forestry is an economically important industry in South Africa,involving extensive exotic plantations of Eucalyptus, Pinus and Acacia species. These tree species have fungal associations, such as ectomycorrhizas, that have become locally naturalized. The forestry industry is increasingly faced with problems of long-term sustainability, increasing soil acidity and depletion of soil nutrients. It is, therefore, essential that the fundamental importance of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses in the nutrient cycling, growth, health and survival of these tree species should not be ignored. Research on the species diversity of ECM fungi associated with forestry plant species has been hampered by the difficulty of identifying the fungi involved in the symbiosis. This investigation focused on the ECM fungi associated with Pinus patula (Schlecht. et Cham.) grown in managed plantations in the Sabie region, Mpumalanga province, South Africa. ECM roots were morphotyped and DNA was extracted. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified using the ITS 1F and ITS 4 primers. The sequences were BLASTed using the GenBank and UNITE databases. Twenty-seven extractions were successfully amplified representing 17 different morphotypes. Of the 27 sequences, 21 were identified as ECM fungi and, from the BLAST results, eleven different ECM species could be identified. Selected ECM root types were morphologically and anatomically described according to root morphology, mantle structure, specialized hyphae and rhizomorph arrangement. Seven dominant field types were described and identified as two Amanita species, Scleroderma citrinum, a suilloid species, Thelephora terrestris, a tometelloid species and one resembled an Albatrellus species
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